The dissemination of Fama (1970)
A bibliometric analysis
📚 Interpretation

Each node is a document citing Fama (1970); edges capture statistically significant bibliographic coupling (shared references). Colors indicate clusters of documents. See the paper for the detailed methodology. This static view covers the full period (1970-2010) in a single network.

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Cluster snapshot
Click a cluster in the graph to see its metadata.
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Top TF-IDF terms from titles in the selected cluster.
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Frequency and TF-IDF.
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Cluster evolution over time.
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📚 Interpretation

Each node is a document citing Fama (1970); edges capture statistically significant bibliographic coupling (shared references). Colors indicate clusters of documents. See the paper for the detailed methodology. This dynamic view shows successive overlapping time windows, so you can track how communities emerge, persist, or split across periods.

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Cluster snapshot
Click a cluster in the graph to see its metadata.
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Top TF-IDF terms from titles in the selected cluster.
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Frequency and TF-IDF.
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Cluster evolution over time.
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Explore different window lengths
This tab allows you to explore different time window lengths for the dynamic analysis.
📚 Interpretation

Each node is a document citing Fama (1970); edges capture statistically significant bibliographic coupling (shared references). Colors indicate clusters of documents. See the paper for the detailed methodology. This dynamic view shows successive overlapping time windows, so you can track how communities emerge, persist, or split across periods.

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Cluster snapshot
Click a cluster in the graph to see its metadata.
Loading...
Top TF-IDF terms from titles in the selected cluster.
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Frequency and TF-IDF.
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Cluster evolution over time.
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The dissemination of Fama (1970): A bibliometric analysis
Compiled February 3, 2026
📚 Abstract

What is the life of a seminal paper? This article addresses this question by examining the dissemination of Fama (1970), which introduced the efficient market hypothesis. Using network analysis, I map the communities that cite Fama (1970) and track their evolution over time. I show that the paper became not only canonical in financial economics but also a reference in law, management, and marketing. Market efficiency was interpreted in multiple ways, from a testable hypothesis about prices to a working assumption for policy evaluation. Tracing these pathways, the analysis highlights the growing influence of financial economics across the social sciences in the second half of the twentieth century. The article also contributes methodologically by providing an interactive, open-source platform to explore the networks and clusters.